An unnaturally stronger and more frequent urge to urinate along with pain or burning sensation when urinating. Urine may also appear to be cloudy, bloody or unusually strong smelling. It is not common in males, except when there are underlying causes related to phimosis, bladder outlet obstruction e.g. urethral stricture, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia or urinary stone disease. But it is more common in females due to shorter urethra especially in sexual active female and older female who already menupaused.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) can be prevented and avoided by:

• Treating the primary UTI properly with appropriate antibiotics (if recurrent UTI)

• Treating the underlying causes properly, especially when there are symptoms/signs manifesting - these should be picked up and treated early

• Maintaining personal cleanliness after passing urine and after sex

• Not holding on in urine

• Encourage to drink adequate water / cranberry juice

• Have enough time to void urine and not rush in and out

• Not to have full bladder when having sex. Prefer to clear urine before and after sex.