Basically, there is some type of obstruction due to the flow of your urine through your ureter, bladder, or urethra ( can be either partially or completely). Possible causes are, but not limited to the following: • injuries such as a pelvic fracture • tumor mass that spreads to your kidneys, bladder, uterus, or colon • diseases of the digestive tract • kidney stones trapped in your ureter • blood clots If you have the following symptoms, please seek our urologist for consultation: • difficulty passing urine • a slowed stream, sometimes described as a “dribble” • a frequent urge to urinate, especially at night (nocturia) • the feeling that your bladder isn’t empty • decreased urine output • blood in your urine

Treatments may the following to allievate the obstruction: • surgery • stent insertion Both requires qualified doctor to perform such procedures. Hence, we encourage you to seek our urologist for further information.