Basically, it is blood found in the urine either gross or microscopic findings. It can be due to concentrated urine or if the detecting system is very sensitive, the urine examination may show signs of red blood cells.

For patients who have haematuria, advise to urine labstix at home at least once per week to examine the amount of blood in their urine.

If gross haematuria or microscopic haematuria, that has other for accompanying symptoms such as:

• Pain at the loin or suprapubic area – due to stone or urinary tract infection

• Pain when passing urine or with other lower urinary symptoms (stone urinary tract infection, prostatic disease)

• Strong family history of uro-genital cancer

• Repeated persistent microhaematuria with proteinuria (stone, urinary tract infection or kidney disease)

If persistent microscopic haematuria, urologists will do a special X-ray, e.g. Intra-venous Urography (IVU) or Computed Tomography Kidney, Ureter and Bladder (CT KUB), and flexible scope to exclude upper tract and lower tract abnormalities.

If gross haematuria which is visible blood in the urine, may be due to cancer, stone, infection or trauma thus to sought the expert opinion from the urologist.